Gland, Switzerland, IUCNĭakin EE, Avise JC (2004) Microsatellite null alleles in parentage analysis. (71)90033-5Ĭumming DHM, du Toit R, Stuart SN (1990) African elephants and Rhinos: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. Ĭrow JF, Maruyama T (1971) The number of neutral alleles maintained in a finite, geographically structured population. Ĭhapuis M-P, Estoup A (2007) Microsatellite null alleles and estimation of population differentiation. Ĭampbell NJH, Harriss FC, Elphinstone MS, Baverstock PR (1995) Outgroup heteroduplex analysis using temperature gradient gel electrophoresis: high resolution, large scale, screening of DNA variation in the mitochondrial control region. Université de Montpellier II, Montpellieīrown SM, Houlden BA (2000) Conservation genetics of the black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis). Laboratoire du Génome et populations, interactions, CNRS UMR 5171. Mol Biol Evol 16:37–48īelkhir KP, Borsa P, Chikhi L et al (2004) GENETIX 4.05, logiciel sous Windows TM pour la génétique des populations. īandelt HJ, Forster P, Rohl A (1999) Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Īrmstrong D, Seddon P (2008) Directions in reintroduction biology. Īnderson-Lederer RM, Linklater WL, Ritchie PA (2012) Limited mitochondrial DNA variation within South Africa’s black rhino ( Diceros bicornis minor) population and implications for management. Īmin R, Emslie KT et al (2006) An overview of the conservation status of and threats to rhinoceros species in the wild. Åkesson M, Liberg O, Sand H et al (2016) Genetic rescue in a severely inbred wolf population. From a conservation perspective, our results demonstrate the benefits of mixing multiple source populations to restore gene flow, improve genetic diversity and thereby help protect small, isolated populations from extinction. Furthermore, our findings indicate a relative increase in the Zimbabwean lineage since reintroduction, suggesting a possible selective advantage. Our results show that Kruger’s black rhinoceroses are genetically more diverse than those from KwaZulu-Natal, with levels closer to those from the Zambezi Valley. We compared this diversity with the two source populations (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and Zambezi River, Zimbabwe) using data from previously published studies, and assessed changes in the relative contribution of source lineages since their reintroduction in the 1970s. In this study we used mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA collected from 110 black rhinoceroses ( Diceros bicornis minor) in Kruger National Park, South Africa, to determine levels of genetic diversity, inbreeding and relatedness. However, understanding the genetic implications of mixing gene pools is key to avoid the risk of outbreeding depression, and to maximise translocation effectiveness. Wildlife translocation is a valuable conservation tool to reintroduce species to previously occupied areas, or augment existing populations with genetically divergent animals, thereby improving the viability of endangered populations. Both processes contribute to an elevated risk of extinction, notably due to genetic factors related to inbreeding depression and a loss of adaptive potential. Globally, wildlife populations are becoming increasingly small and isolated.
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